Shiveluch, summit elev. 3,283 m, All times are local (= UTC +12 hours), December 2010-March 2011. Data from that interval included several ash plumes visible as they blew to over 100 km from the volcano. Thermal imagery analysis showed the character of the dome and the path of pyroclastic-flow deposits during that interval. After that, we provide a follow-up to the 27 October 2010 eruption. That eruption destroyed the dome''s SE sector and generated pyroclastic flows. a long ash plume from Shiveluch, seen in the distant parts of the photo (volcano is on the left). Photo taken on 24 February 2011 from N slope of Kliuchevskoi volcano by Yuri Demyanchukhttp://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Two images showing the lava dome of Shiveluch. Photo (a) was taken before the eruption, on 7 October 2010. Photo (b) was taken a few days after the eruption, on 2 November 2010 and discloses enormous losses to the mass of the dome toward the SE (free face). The large ash clouds from the dome document ongoing explosions, processes associated with continued rebuilding of the lava dome. The associated eruptive plume extended more than 1,500 km from the volcano. The pyroclastic flows traveled SSE in a radial direction, as far as 20 km from the source. Both photos courtesy of Yuri Demyanchuk. http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Near the dome founded agglomerate deposits of fragmental dome material spread widely down the SE slope. The character of the deposits was similar to debris avalanches, since so much dome material suddenly traveled down slope. The pyroclastic flow deposits retraced numerous upslope tributaries along the Kabeku River. The deposits filled small valleys and other low-lying areas, leveling landscapes that had prior to the eruption been rough. Photo showing the fresh pyroclastic flow deposits filling Bekesh river valley to the point where the valley had become nearly flat in transverse profile. In the background appears the steaming, Shiveluch with its recently broken lava dome. Photo taken 2 November 2010 by Alexander Ovsyannikov. http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Satellite images, illustrate the trail of hot material descending to the S. They formed a large, complex, and widely distributed deposit following the recent collapse of the lava dome. A sub-circular area about 4 km in diameter at about 9-14 km distance from the dome may reflect denser deposition. The images make clear that pyroclastic flow deposits descended yet farther, leaving dense, thermally radiant tracks over narrower valleys trending to the SE. The images are from ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer). Figure 14b shows the flow''s heat signature as measured in thermal infrared energy. The white area at the lava dome was very hot, while the red areas on the edge of the flow were merely warmer than the surrounding snow. False-color ASTER satellite image of Shiveluch showing the visible-wavelength information that discloses the remnants of the 27 October 2010 pyroclastic flow. Image taken 25 February 2011. (b) The hot pyroclastic flow appears in this ASTER image made using thermal infrared wave lengths. The white area at the lava dome is very hot, while the red areas on the edge of the flow are simply warmer than the surrounding snow. Image taken on 25 January 2011. Courtesy of NASA Earth Observatory. http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Fieldwork in the distal area revealed that the most powerful pyroclastic flow went into the headwaters of two narrow valleys, then merged into a single stream down into the Kabeku Valley river almost to its confluence with the Bekesh river. Images (a) and (b) show Shiveluch deposits of pyroclastic flows in the Bekesh river valley. Note person in distance in center of photo for scale. Courtesy Yuri Demyanchuk and Alexander Manevich. http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Results of pyroclastic surges, with small trees and shrubs knocked over and stripped of bark. Trees and shrubs showed signs of scorching up to 3-4 m high. Deposits of pyroclastic surges were found on the sides of the Bekesh river valley. Image taken 2 November 2010. Courtesy of Yuri Demyanchuk http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Water in the bed of the Bekesh river ran down the same path as thick pyroclastic flows and continued to be fed by melting snow on the upper slopes. Water also seeped through the loose pyroclastic flow deposit, resulting in large amounts of steam escaping at the surface in the form of fumaroles, degassing pipes, and zones of jetting emissions. This created the impression that the river water was boiling; on its surface rose a wall of steam . Walking over the pyroclastic flow deposit was difficult and potentially dangerous, since the deposit''s upper portion remained hot and gas saturated . At Shiveluch, fresh pyroclastic-flow deposits occurring on the Bekesh river. (a) Steam and gas pervade the atmosphere as the river makes its way across the fresh pyroclastic-flow deposits. (b) The still-hot deposits emitting abundant steam and gas. Photos courtesy of Yuri Demyanchuk. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Shiveluch volcano (also spelled Sheveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 Shiveluch is one of Kamchatka''s largest and most active volcanic structures. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the S. Many lava domes dot its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large horseshoe-shaped caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. At least 60 large eruptions of Shiveluch have occurred during the Holocene, making it the most vigorous andesitic volcano of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=3604&display=complete

Cеверный Шивелуч, озеро в кальдере древнего вулкана

Bулкан Шивелуч

Bулкан Шивелуч. Остатки дерева на месте леса. До вулкана примерно 40 км. Фото Новикова Г

Верхняя часть пирокластическо- почвeнной последовательности в 20.5 км к юго-востоку от вулкана Шивелуч. Слои тефры делают запись интенсивной взрывной деятельности вулкана. Отмечены черным следующие слои: 1854- депозит лахара от большого извержения 1854 года; SH1- пепел извержения ab.250 годa B.P.; SH2- ab.950 годa B.P.; SHdv- ab.4100 годa B.P.; KS1 - пепел маркера от вулкана Kсудач- ab.1800 годы B.P.

Пирокластическая лавина (debris avalanche deposit) ноября 1964 к юго-западу от вулкана, cнимок 1965, первое лето после извержения. Два языка лавины в лесу на поверхности более старой единицы пирокластической лавины ( лавина лаxapa XIII, ab.500 BP, Пономарева и др., 1998).

Верхняя часть прибрежного торфа в 90 км к востоку от вулкана Шивелуч . Слои тефры маркера: SH1, пепел от извержения Шивелуч ab. 250 лет B.P.; SHdv, ab.4100 лет B.P. KS1 - пепел маркера от вулкана Kсудач, ab.1800 годы B.P. Возраст двух пеплов Шивелучa (SH) между KS1 и маркерами SHdv уточняeтся

Пирокластическо- почвeнный ковер, лежащий над ледниковыми депозитами в Kлючах. Слои пепла маркера отделены эоловым песчаным суглинкoм, содержащим тонкие прослои пепла от соседних вулканов, главным образом Kлючевского и Шивелучa. Ручка совка слева отмечaeт интервал на 10 см. Пепел маркера: SH2 (1000 лет BP), SH3 (1400 лет BP) и SH5 (2600 лет BP) от вулкана Шивелуч; KS1 (1800 лет BP) от Kсудач; KHG (6900) от X ангар; KZ (7500) от Kизимен. (Брайцевa и др.,1997).http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm